May 31, 2007
Dear Friends,
A
few months before Hurricane Katrina hit Louisiana, I visited author
Anne Rice's house in the Garden District neighborhood of New Orleans.
During Mardi Gras, people throw strings of beads out of windows and off
of balconies, covering everything including street lights where the
beads remain for weeks to months.. A sculpture in Rice's garden of a
young goddess (flora?), was wearing several strands of shiny beads. (left) I
found it an especially touching
coincidence, in the aftermath of the flood here in New Jersey, to see a
young tree with a string of silver beads caught amongst the debris at
its base. (below, right)
Things are settling down, but as of this writing, there are still two-foot-high sand dunes on the open circle of cropped meadow.
The
day before the flood, I planted 13 trees. One was a sapling from a
mail-order nursery. 12 were transplants from a "splinter nursery" bed
where I had been holding them since they were seedlings. Four were
paper birch (Betual papifera) that went to high ground by the driveway, and eight were sweet birch (B. lenta),
the source of birch beer. I planted those trees by the path, so that
when I pass this spot with visitors, I can snap off a twig and share
the sweet birch's aroma -- a blend of wintergreen, cherry and the
dominant aroma we think of as root beer - it even smells fizzy.
Root
beer has its origins in what is referred to as "small beers." Small
beers are a collection of local beverages (some alcoholic, some not)
made during colonial times in America from a variety of herbs, barks,
and roots that included: birch beer, sarsparilla beer, ginger beer and
root beer. Ingredients in early root beers included allspice, birch
bark, coriander, juniper, ginger, wintergreen, hops, burdock root,
dandelion root, spikenard, pipsissewa, guaiacum chips, sarsaparilla,
spicewood, wild cherry bark, yellow dock, prickly ash bark, sassafras
root, vanilla beans, hops, dog grass, molasses and licorice.
Charles
Hires, a Philadelphia pharmacist, added carbonation to an herbal tea
made from a recipe containing twenty-five herbs, berries and roots. He
introduced his brew to the public at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial
exhibition. A & W Root Beer, now the number one selling root beer
in the world, was founded by Roy Allen, who began marketing his
concoction in 1919.
I
love birch beer, a drink I find lighter-tasting than root beer. When I
was a kid we bought a clear version, but brown and especially red birch
beers are also available today. Very few of them are all-natural. One
exception is Boylan's Birch Beer, which was created in an apothecary in
the early 1890's and developed into the most popular flavor of The
Boylan Sodaworks. Boylan was a bottling and keg filling operation
located in the heart of Paterson, NJ, the first industrialized city in
the country. Competition increased however, and in the 1930's Boylan
was forced to close its bottling lines, leaving Boylan's Draught Birch
Beer as its only product. Boylan's is still made, today, and except for
yucca extract and a benzoate preservative, is the same as the original.
I
do not know if there are any root beers on the market today that do not
have "artificial and natural flavors," not to mention corn syrup. There
are a few reasons for this, economics is one. Another is the fact that
in the mid-60's, the FDA discovered that a chemical called safrole
found in sassafras, the primary source of the root in root beer, caused
cancer in rats, and proceeded to ban its sale for edible uses. This
sent the root beer industry into a frenzy trying to find a replacement
flavoring. A few companies happened on a combination of licorice root
(that's not anise, and doesn't taste like it) and wintergreen, but most
opted for a synthesized extract.The non-alcoholic drink of the Old West saloons, sasparilla could have been made from Sasparilla or Sarsparilla; two different plants with ridiculously similar common names. The drink was indeed made from it's namesake, an herbaceous Northeastern plant, Aralia nudicaulis that looks very much like ginseng and is, in fact, related. Sarsparilla is Smilax officinalis. |
Back
to my thirteen, newly planted trees: During the flood, I ventured out
into the downpour to check on the trees. Two of the four paper birch
were knocked over by the wind and rain. I managed to right them, stake
and tie them. I looked for the little tree from the mail order nursery,
but couldn't find it. Just for the heck of it, I plunged my arm into
the rushing water where I had planted the tree, and low and behold, it
was there, on its side, stuck in some dried weeds. (My neighbor Jill
was yelling at me to get the heck out of the flood waters.)
As
for the sweet birch, planted right in the wake of the rushing water,
two remained where I planted them. One was held in place by a nearby
rock that also diverted the force of the water. A second one remained
in place because a concrete block, delivered over the stone wall by the
flood, settled at its base. I discovered a third, fourth, fifth and
sixth stuck in shrubs and covered by debris. One week later, I found
the tallest, an eight-foot tree, inside the limbs of a young dawn
redwood. I planted it at once and it is alive, leafing out and about a
week behind the others.
But, you win some and you lose some.
One of the birch trees seems to be gone, forever, perhaps nestling into
a pocket of soil - sweetening some other piece of land downriver. I am
afraid the nursery-bought tree is not looking good - it's looking dead.
Some
times one has to just grin and bear it, kick back with a nice cold
birch beer, and wait to see what nature has in store for the future.
(Have I mentioned the profusion of bugs?)
Until next time,
Ken
P.S. You can purchase Boylan's Birch Beer and/or some really good ginger beers at the online store The Soda Shop or The Soda King.
